Research inhabitants
Away from 2,087 basic-season students whom undergone a broad examination (pre-university) and completed forms in the Wellness Solution Cardiovascular system out-of Okayama College or university in , step 1,396 youngsters volunteered for a good step three-seasons pursue-up examination just before graduation when you look at the (follow-upwards rates; 66.9%). For this analysis, we considered participants that have an effective Bmi off ? twenty five.0 kilogram yards ?2 while the overweight (16) . I omitted 82 players who had been fat (Body mass index ? twenty-five kg m ?2 ) from the the baseline health examination. Fundamentally, studies in one,314 youngsters (676 male and you may 638 female; 65.3%) was indeed analyzed. The analysis try authorized by the Stability Panel away from Okayama http://www.datingranking.net/de/koreanische-datierung/ College Scholar School out-of Treatments, Dental and you may Pharmaceutical Sciences (Zero. 306). Composed concur are taken from all of the players.
Evaluation regarding fat/obesity
From the all-around health examination, brand new level and the body weight off users had been measured by the university’s social health nurses using the Tanita extra fat analyser (Design No. BF-220; Tanita, Tokyo, Japan). Bmi is actually computed because lbs in kilograms divided from the level for the yards squared (23) .
Questionnaire
People advertised speed out of dinner according to other people, considering among five qualitative groups: sluggish, typical, timely, and incredibly quick. The latest validity and you can reliability of one’s questionnaire is verified and useful contrasting connections between notice-advertised dining speed and obesity (24) . We shared quick and extremely quick answers on the one classification out of eating easily and you may slow and you can normal answers into the just one sounding eating slow (8) .
With other life facts, solutions were given by the people into the a great “yes/no” structure below: an irregular eating plan (we.e., irregular mealtime), bypassing morning meal, dining until full, appear to snack and you can/or food at night, appear to ingesting unhealthy fats, seem to dining green vegetables, apparently dining junk food, seem to food sweets, seem to drinking (sugar-sweetened) carbonated drinks, typical physical activity, and habitual sipping (16, 20) . New questionnaire are used at baseline.
Analytical studies
Paired t, unpaired t, Fisher’s exact, and chi-squared tests were used to determine whether there were any significant differences between baseline and re-examination, or normal weight and overweight groups. Using a logistic regression model, both odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. Being overweight at the 3-year follow-up was used as a dependent variable. Gender, eating quickly, and frequently consuming fatty foods at baseline were added as independent variables on multivariate analysis according to the guidelines of a previous study (25) . All data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (21.0J for Windows; SPSS Japan, Tokyo, Japan). A P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results
There were no significant differences in prevalence of eating quickly and body composition at baseline between participants who were followed up and those who were not (data not shown). Table 1 shows the characteristics of participants. Overall, 207 male (30.2%) and 198 female (31.0%) participants reported eating quickly. Of the 38 participants (2.9%) who became overweight, none were obese (BMI ? 30 kg m ?2 ). There was a significant difference in body composition between baseline and re-examination data (P < 0.05).
- a hateful ± simple departure.
- bP < 0.05, paired t test. Baseline vs. after 3 years.
- cP < 0.05, ? 2 test.
- dn (%).
In both male and female participants, a higher prevalence of those who ate quickly was observed in the overweight group compared with the normal weight group (P < 0.05). The prevalence of participants who ate quickly and frequently consumed fatty foods was significantly higher in the overweight group than in the normal weight group (P < 0.05).
- an enthusiastic (%).